The compilers, IDEs, and systems that programmers actually used.
Microsoft's free, cross-platform source-code editor, announced at Build 2015 and built on Electron and the Monaco editor. Led early by Erich Gamma, it grew into the most widely used development tool through extensions and the Language Server Protocol.
The ES-module bundler created by Rich Harris in 2015, known for tree-shaking, that became the basis of Vite's production builds.
A lightweight, OCI-compliant low-level container runtime that creates containers using Linux namespaces and cgroups; donated by Docker in 2015 and run under the hood by containerd and Docker.
The package manager for Kubernetes, which bundles related Kubernetes resources into versioned, configurable packages called charts.
The dominant GraphQL platform, spanning Apollo Client, Apollo Server, and Federation, used to build, run, and compose GraphQL APIs.
A high-performance, low-overhead Node.js web framework built around JSON Schema validation and serialization for both speed and correctness.
A C#/.NET cross-platform mobile framework founded in 2011 and acquired by Microsoft in February 2016, built on the Mono runtime and later evolved into .NET MAUI.
Apache Pulsar is a distributed pub/sub messaging and streaming platform originally built at Yahoo and open-sourced in 2016. It separates serving from storage, supports multi-tenancy and geo-replication, and offloads aging data to cheap tiered storage.
Microsoft's free and open-source C/C++ package manager, which builds and supplies libraries across Windows, Linux, and macOS to fix C++'s historically painful dependency story.
Google's 2016 ground-up rewrite of AngularJS, a TypeScript-first framework built around components, RxJS, and a powerful command-line tool.
The tagged-template CSS-in-JS library for React, created by Max Stoiber and Glen Maddern in 2016, which lets developers write real CSS inside JavaScript and turns styled markup into self-contained React components.
A JavaScript package manager Facebook released in 2016 as a faster, deterministic alternative to npm, introducing a lockfile and an offline cache.
Rich Harris's compiler-as-framework, introduced in 2016, which shifts UI work to build time and ships lean JavaScript with no virtual DOM, paired with the SvelteKit application framework.
An opinionated, Angular-inspired TypeScript framework for Node.js that brings modules, dependency injection, and decorators to server-side JavaScript.
A JavaScript package manager that saves disk space and speeds installs by storing each package once in a content-addressable store and hard-linking it into projects.
Prettier is an opinionated, multi-language code formatter first released by James Long in early 2017. It parses code to an abstract syntax tree and reprints it from scratch to a consistent style, ending most layout debates for JavaScript and the wider web stack.
An industry-standard container runtime, extracted from Docker and donated to the CNCF, that manages the full container lifecycle and runs underneath both Docker and Kubernetes.
The utility-first CSS framework created by Adam Wathan and collaborators, which styles interfaces by composing single-purpose classes directly in HTML markup rather than writing custom stylesheets.
The zero-configuration web application bundler created by Devon Govett in 2017 that aimed to deliver fast builds with no setup.
Facebook's React-based static site generator for documentation, open-sourced in 2017; it turns Markdown and MDX into fast documentation sites with versioning, search, and translation built in.
Microsoft's framework for building interactive web UIs in C# instead of JavaScript, running in the browser via WebAssembly or on the server over a SignalR connection.
A secure-by-default JavaScript and TypeScript runtime built on V8 and Rust, created by Node's own inventor to address the design regrets he saw in Node.js.
A daemonless, rootless container engine with a Docker-compatible command line, developed in the open by the containers community and backed by Red Hat as a security-focused Docker alternative.
A parser generator and incremental parsing library created by Max Brunsfeld that builds concrete syntax trees fast enough to run on every keystroke, powering syntax highlighting, code navigation, and structural editing across many editors.
A modern Python dependency manager and packaging tool with a lockfile and pyproject.toml, aiming to fix Python's fragmented packaging experience.
Infrastructure-as-code platform, first released in 2018, that defines cloud resources using general-purpose programming languages like TypeScript, Python, Go, and C# instead of a custom domain-specific language.
A JavaScript implementation of gRPC for browser clients that uses a proxy to translate between a browser-friendly protocol and gRPC's HTTP/2 frames, which browsers cannot speak directly.
An open-source virtualization technology from AWS, written in Rust, that boots stripped-down microVMs in milliseconds and powers AWS Lambda and Fargate.
A modern, high-performance Python web framework for building APIs, created by Sebastian Ramirez and first released in 2018. It uses standard Python type hints for validation and editor support, is built on Starlette and Pydantic, supports async/await, and automatically generates interactive OpenAPI (Swagger) documentation.
Google's open-source UI toolkit, which reached its 1.0 stable release in December 2018, for building natively compiled multi-platform applications from a single Dart codebase by rendering its own widgets.
Apple's declarative user-interface framework, introduced at WWDC 2019, for building interfaces across iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS from a single Swift codebase that describes the UI as a function of state.
GitHub's built-in CI/CD and workflow automation system, announced with full CI/CD support in August 2019, which runs YAML-defined workflows on hosted or self-hosted runners and draws reusable steps from a marketplace of actions.
The JavaScript bundler and minifier written in Go by Evan Wallace, released in 2020, which runs 10-100x faster than earlier tools written in JavaScript.
The fast front-end build tool created by Evan You in 2020 that serves source over native ES modules in development and uses Rollup and esbuild for production builds.
Microsoft's official command-line package manager and repository for installing and managing applications on Windows.
Android's modern declarative UI toolkit, written in Kotlin, which reached version 1.0 in July 2021. It lets developers describe UI as composable functions rather than imperatively mutating view objects.
Epic Games' game engine, which began with the 1998 first-person shooter Unreal and evolved through Unreal Engine 5's Nanite virtualized geometry and Lumen dynamic global illumination; its C++ source is available on GitHub.
The community fork of Terraform, created in August 2023 under the Linux Foundation after HashiCorp relicensed Terraform to the Business Source License - a drop-in, open-source replacement.