On 30 October 2023, President Joseph Biden signed Executive Order 14110, titled “Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence.” The order was published in the Federal Register on 1 November 2023 at citation 88 FR 75191, spanning the pages 75191 to 75226. It was the most sweeping federal action on artificial intelligence taken by the United States during this period, directing agencies across the executive branch to develop standards, guidance, and reporting requirements for the development and use of AI.
The order addressed a broad range of topics, including safety and security testing for powerful AI systems, protections for privacy and civil rights, support for workers, and the promotion of innovation and competition. Because it was an executive order rather than legislation passed by Congress, it operated by directing federal agencies and did not, by itself, create the kind of binding obligations on private developers that a statute would.
Executive Order 14110 was later revoked. On 20 January 2025, President Donald Trump signed Executive Order 14148, “Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions,” published in the Federal Register on 28 January 2025 at citation 90 FR 8237. The disposition notes for that order explicitly list “EO 14110, October 30, 2023” among the executive orders rescinded. The revocation illustrates a feature of US AI policy in this period: because much of it rested on executive action rather than legislation, it could be reversed by a subsequent administration.